This collection marks the great turning of Philosophy and Theology—the turning from the medieval synthesis to the dawn of modern thought. The voices of the Reformation and Renaissance engage in fierce debate over grace, freedom, and the dignity of man. From Luther’s disputations and Erasmus’s humanism to Calvin’s theology and Pico’s exaltation of human potential, these works reveal a world at once rediscovering antiquity and redefining faith. The intellect of the scholastic age here collides with conscience, reform, and the birth of modern philosophy.
Authors and Dates:
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Gabriel Biel – Commentary on the Sentences (Sententiarum Lectura) – late 15th century AD
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Martin Luther – Disputation Against Scholastic Theology – 1517 AD
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Martin Luther – The Heidelberg Disputation – 1518 AD
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Martin Luther – The Babylonian Captivity of the Church – 1520 AD
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Martin Luther – The Freedom of a Christian – 1520 AD
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Desiderius Erasmus – On the Bondage of the Will (De Libero Arbitrio) – 1524 AD
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John Calvin – Institutes of the Christian Religion – 1536 AD
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Huldrych Zwingli – Theological Works (Selections) – early 16th century AD
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Various Reformers – Lord’s Supper Selections – 16th century AD
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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola – Oration on the Dignity of Man (De Hominis Dignitate) – 1486 AD
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Niccolò Machiavelli – The Prince (Il Principe) – 1513 AD
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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola – Nine Hundred Theses (Conclusiones) – 1486 AD
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Desiderius Erasmus – Preface to the New Testament (Novum Instrumentum Preface) – 1516 AD
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Domingo Báñez – The Primacy of Existence (De Primatu Existendi) – late 16th century AD
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Philip Melanchthon – Philosophical Works (Selections) – mid-16th century AD